diff --git a/packages/backend/src/connections/connections.controller.ts b/packages/backend/src/connections/connections.controller.ts
index 9d3c2ab..8e66e83 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/connections/connections.controller.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/connections/connections.controller.ts
@@ -166,13 +166,13 @@ export const testConnection = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void>
             return;
         }
 
-        // 调用 SshService 进行连接测试
-        await SshService.testConnection(connectionId);
+        // 调用 SshService 进行连接测试，现在它会返回延迟
+        const { latency } = await SshService.testConnection(connectionId);
 
         // 如果 SshService.testConnection 没有抛出错误，则表示成功
         // 记录审计日志 (可选，看是否需要记录测试操作)
         // auditLogService.logAction('CONNECTION_TESTED', { connectionId, success: true });
-        res.status(200).json({ success: true, message: '连接测试成功。' });
+        res.status(200).json({ success: true, message: '连接测试成功。', latency }); // 返回延迟
 
     } catch (error: any) {
         // 记录审计日志 (可选)
@@ -183,6 +183,70 @@ export const testConnection = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void>
     }
 };
 
+
+/**
+ * 测试未保存的连接信息 (POST /api/v1/connections/test-unsaved)
+ */
+export const testUnsavedConnection = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> => {
+    try {
+        // 从请求体中提取连接信息
+        const { host, port, username, auth_method, password, private_key, passphrase, proxy_id } = req.body;
+
+        // 基本验证
+        if (!host || !port || !username || !auth_method) {
+            res.status(400).json({ success: false, message: '缺少必要的连接信息 (host, port, username, auth_method)。' });
+            return;
+        }
+        // 密码认证时，password 字段必须存在，但可以为空字符串
+        if (auth_method === 'password' && password === undefined) {
+            res.status(400).json({ success: false, message: '密码认证方式需要提供 password 字段 (可以为空字符串)。' });
+            return;
+        }
+        // 密钥认证时，private_key 必须存在且不为空
+        if (auth_method === 'key' && !private_key) {
+            res.status(400).json({ success: false, message: '密钥认证方式需要提供 private_key。' });
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // 构建传递给服务层的连接配置对象
+        // 注意：这里传递的是未经验证和加密处理的原始数据
+        const connectionConfig = {
+            host,
+            port: parseInt(port, 10), // 确保 port 是数字
+            username,
+            auth_method,
+            password, // 传递原始密码
+            private_key, // 传递原始私钥
+            passphrase, // 传递原始密码短语
+            proxy_id: proxy_id ? parseInt(proxy_id, 10) : null // 确保 proxy_id 是数字或 null
+        };
+
+        // 验证 port 和 proxy_id 是否为有效数字
+        if (isNaN(connectionConfig.port)) {
+             res.status(400).json({ success: false, message: '端口号必须是有效的数字。' });
+             return;
+        }
+        if (proxy_id && isNaN(connectionConfig.proxy_id as number)) {
+             res.status(400).json({ success: false, message: '代理 ID 必须是有效的数字。' });
+             return;
+        }
+
+
+        // 调用 SshService 进行连接测试，现在它会返回延迟
+        // 注意：SshService.testUnsavedConnection 需要处理原始凭证
+        const { latency } = await SshService.testUnsavedConnection(connectionConfig);
+
+        // 如果 SshService.testUnsavedConnection 没有抛出错误，则表示成功
+        res.status(200).json({ success: true, message: '连接测试成功。', latency });
+
+    } catch (error: any) {
+        console.error(`Controller: 测试未保存连接时发生错误:`, error);
+        // SshService 会抛出包含具体原因的 Error
+        res.status(500).json({ success: false, message: error.message || '测试连接时发生内部服务器错误。' });
+    }
+};
+
+
 // --- TODO: 将以下逻辑迁移到 ImportExportService ---
 /**
  * 导出所有连接配置 (GET /api/v1/connections/export)
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/connections/connections.routes.ts b/packages/backend/src/connections/connections.routes.ts
index 71a430e..270ef9c 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/connections/connections.routes.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/connections/connections.routes.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
     updateConnection, // 引入更新连接的控制器
     deleteConnection, // 引入删除连接的控制器
     testConnection, // 引入测试连接的控制器
+    testUnsavedConnection, // 添加导入: 引入测试未保存连接的控制器
     exportConnections, // 引入导出连接的控制器
     importConnections // 引入导入连接的控制器
 } from './connections.controller';
@@ -81,4 +82,7 @@ router.delete('/:id', deleteConnection);
 // POST /api/v1/connections/:id/test - 测试连接
 router.post('/:id/test', testConnection);
 
+// POST /api/v1/connections/test-unsaved - 测试未保存的连接信息
+router.post('/test-unsaved', testUnsavedConnection);
+
 export default router;
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/services/ssh.service.ts b/packages/backend/src/services/ssh.service.ts
index 3bf9014..bb86b66 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/services/ssh.service.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/services/ssh.service.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { SocksClient, SocksClientOptions } from 'socks';
 import http from 'http';
 import net from 'net';
 import * as ConnectionRepository from '../repositories/connection.repository';
+import * as ProxyRepository from '../repositories/proxy.repository'; // 引入 ProxyRepository
 import { decrypt } from '../utils/crypto';
 
 const CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 20000; // 连接超时时间 (毫秒)
@@ -221,12 +222,13 @@ export const openShell = (sshClient: Client): Promise<ClientChannel> => {
 /**
  * 测试给定 ID 的 SSH 连接（包括代理）
  * @param connectionId 连接 ID
- * @returns Promise<void> - 如果连接成功则 resolve，否则 reject
+ * @returns Promise<{ latency: number }> - 如果连接成功则 resolve 包含延迟的对象，否则 reject
  * @throws Error 如果连接失败或配置错误
  */
-export const testConnection = async (connectionId: number): Promise<void> => {
+export const testConnection = async (connectionId: number): Promise<{ latency: number }> => {
     console.log(`SshService: 测试连接 ${connectionId}...`);
     let sshClient: Client | null = null;
+    const startTime = Date.now(); // 开始计时
     try {
         // 1. 获取并解密连接信息
         const connDetails = await getConnectionDetails(connectionId);
@@ -234,8 +236,10 @@ export const testConnection = async (connectionId: number): Promise<void> => {
         // 2. 尝试建立连接 (使用较短的测试超时时间)
         sshClient = await establishSshConnection(connDetails, TEST_TIMEOUT);
 
-        console.log(`SshService: 测试连接 ${connectionId} 成功。`);
-        // 测试成功，Promise 自动 resolve void
+        const endTime = Date.now(); // 结束计时
+        const latency = endTime - startTime;
+        console.log(`SshService: 测试连接 ${connectionId} 成功，延迟: ${latency}ms。`);
+        return { latency }; // 返回延迟
     } catch (error) {
         console.error(`SshService: 测试连接 ${connectionId} 失败:`, error);
         throw error; // 将错误向上抛出
@@ -248,6 +252,97 @@ export const testConnection = async (connectionId: number): Promise<void> => {
     }
 };
 
+
+/**
+ * 测试未保存的 SSH 连接信息（包括代理）
+ * @param connectionConfig - 包含连接参数的对象 (host, port, username, auth_method, password?, private_key?, passphrase?, proxy_id?)
+ * @returns Promise<{ latency: number }> - 如果连接成功则 resolve 包含延迟的对象，否则 reject
+ * @throws Error 如果连接失败或配置错误
+ */
+export const testUnsavedConnection = async (connectionConfig: {
+    host: string;
+    port: number;
+    username: string;
+    auth_method: 'password' | 'key';
+    password?: string;
+    private_key?: string; // 注意这里是 private_key
+    passphrase?: string;
+    proxy_id?: number | null;
+}): Promise<{ latency: number }> => {
+    console.log(`SshService: 测试未保存的连接到 ${connectionConfig.host}:${connectionConfig.port}...`);
+    let sshClient: Client | null = null;
+    const startTime = Date.now(); // 开始计时
+    try {
+        // 1. 构建临时的 DecryptedConnectionDetails 结构
+        const tempConnDetails: DecryptedConnectionDetails = {
+            id: -1, // 临时 ID，不实际使用
+            name: `Test-${connectionConfig.host}`, // 临时名称
+            host: connectionConfig.host,
+            port: connectionConfig.port,
+            username: connectionConfig.username,
+            auth_method: connectionConfig.auth_method,
+            // 直接使用传入的凭证，因为它们是未加密的
+            password: connectionConfig.password,
+            privateKey: connectionConfig.private_key, // 映射 private_key
+            passphrase: connectionConfig.passphrase,
+            proxy: null, // 稍后填充
+        };
+
+        // 2. 如果提供了 proxy_id，获取并解密代理信息
+        if (connectionConfig.proxy_id) {
+            console.log(`SshService: 测试连接需要获取代理 ${connectionConfig.proxy_id} 的信息...`);
+            const rawProxyInfo = await ProxyRepository.findProxyById(connectionConfig.proxy_id);
+            if (!rawProxyInfo) {
+                throw new Error(`代理 ID ${connectionConfig.proxy_id} 未找到。`);
+            }
+            try {
+                 // Add null checks for required proxy fields
+                 const proxyName = rawProxyInfo.name ?? (() => { throw new Error(`Proxy ID ${connectionConfig.proxy_id} has null name.`); })();
+                 const proxyType = rawProxyInfo.type ?? (() => { throw new Error(`Proxy ID ${connectionConfig.proxy_id} has null type.`); })();
+                 const proxyHost = rawProxyInfo.host ?? (() => { throw new Error(`Proxy ID ${connectionConfig.proxy_id} has null host.`); })();
+                 const proxyPort = rawProxyInfo.port ?? (() => { throw new Error(`Proxy ID ${connectionConfig.proxy_id} has null port.`); })();
+
+                 // Ensure proxyType is one of the allowed values
+                 if (proxyType !== 'SOCKS5' && proxyType !== 'HTTP') {
+                    throw new Error(`Proxy ID ${connectionConfig.proxy_id} has invalid type: ${proxyType}`);
+                 }
+
+                tempConnDetails.proxy = {
+                    id: rawProxyInfo.id,
+                    name: proxyName,
+                    type: proxyType,
+                    host: proxyHost,
+                    port: proxyPort,
+                    username: rawProxyInfo.username || undefined,
+                    password: rawProxyInfo.encrypted_password ? decrypt(rawProxyInfo.encrypted_password) : undefined,
+                };
+                console.log(`SshService: 代理 ${connectionConfig.proxy_id} 信息获取并解密成功。`);
+            } catch (decryptError: any) {
+                console.error(`SshService: 处理代理 ${connectionConfig.proxy_id} 凭证失败:`, decryptError);
+                throw new Error(`处理代理凭证失败: ${decryptError.message}`);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 3. 尝试建立连接 (使用较短的测试超时时间)
+        sshClient = await establishSshConnection(tempConnDetails, TEST_TIMEOUT);
+
+        const endTime = Date.now(); // 结束计时
+        const latency = endTime - startTime;
+        console.log(`SshService: 测试未保存的连接到 ${connectionConfig.host}:${connectionConfig.port} 成功，延迟: ${latency}ms。`);
+        return { latency }; // 返回延迟
+    } catch (error) {
+        console.error(`SshService: 测试未保存的连接到 ${connectionConfig.host}:${connectionConfig.port} 失败:`, error);
+        throw error; // 将错误向上抛出
+    } finally {
+        // 无论成功失败，都关闭 SSH 客户端
+        if (sshClient) {
+            sshClient.end();
+            console.log(`SshService: 测试未保存连接的客户端已关闭。`);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+
 // --- 移除旧的函数 ---
 // - connectAndOpenShell
 // - sendInput
diff --git a/packages/frontend/src/components/AddConnectionForm.vue b/packages/frontend/src/components/AddConnectionForm.vue
index 4775fbf..a12ec66 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/src/components/AddConnectionForm.vue
+++ b/packages/frontend/src/components/AddConnectionForm.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
-import { ref, reactive, watch, computed, onMounted } from 'vue'; // 引入 onMounted
+import { ref, reactive, watch, computed, onMounted } from 'vue';
 import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia';
 import { useI18n } from 'vue-i18n';
+import apiClient from '../utils/apiClient'; // 修正导入路径和名称
 import { useConnectionsStore, ConnectionInfo } from '../stores/connections.store';
 import { useProxiesStore } from '../stores/proxies.store'; // 引入代理 Store
 import { useTagsStore } from '../stores/tags.store'; // 引入标签 Store
@@ -43,6 +44,11 @@ const formError = ref<string | null>(null); // 表单级别的错误信息
 const isLoading = computed(() => isConnLoading.value || isProxyLoading.value || isTagLoading.value);
 const storeError = computed(() => connStoreError.value || proxyStoreError.value || tagStoreError.value);
 
+// 测试连接状态
+const testStatus = ref<'idle' | 'testing' | 'success' | 'error'>('idle');
+const testResult = ref<string | number | null>(null); // 存储延迟或错误信息
+const testLatency = ref<number | null>(null); // 单独存储延迟用于颜色计算
+
 // 计算属性判断是否为编辑模式
 const isEditMode = computed(() => !!props.connectionToEdit);
 
@@ -188,6 +194,96 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
       }
   }
 };
+
+// 处理测试连接
+const handleTestConnection = async () => {
+  testStatus.value = 'testing';
+  testResult.value = null;
+  testLatency.value = null;
+
+  try {
+    let response;
+    if (isEditMode.value && props.connectionToEdit) {
+      // --- 编辑模式: 测试已保存的连接 ---
+      console.log(`Testing saved connection ID: ${props.connectionToEdit.id}`);
+      // 调用测试已保存连接的 API
+      response = await apiClient.post(`/connections/${props.connectionToEdit.id}/test`);
+    } else {
+      // --- 添加模式: 测试未保存的连接 ---
+      console.log("Testing unsaved connection data");
+      // 准备要发送的数据
+      const dataToSend = {
+          host: formData.host,
+          port: formData.port,
+          username: formData.username,
+          auth_method: formData.auth_method,
+          password: formData.auth_method === 'password' ? formData.password : undefined,
+          private_key: formData.auth_method === 'key' ? formData.private_key : undefined,
+          passphrase: formData.auth_method === 'key' ? formData.passphrase : undefined,
+          proxy_id: formData.proxy_id || null,
+      };
+
+      // 仅在添加模式下进行前端凭证验证
+      if (!dataToSend.host || !dataToSend.port || !dataToSend.username || !dataToSend.auth_method) {
+        // 使用 Error 抛出，由下面的 catch 块统一处理显示
+        throw new Error(t('connections.test.errorMissingFields'));
+      }
+      // 在添加模式下，密码或密钥必须提供
+      if (dataToSend.auth_method === 'password' && !formData.password) { // 检查 formData 而不是 dataToSend.password
+         throw new Error(t('connections.form.errorPasswordRequired')); // 复用表单提交的翻译键
+      }
+      if (dataToSend.auth_method === 'key' && !formData.private_key) { // 检查 formData 而不是 dataToSend.private_key
+         throw new Error(t('connections.form.errorPrivateKeyRequired')); // 复用表单提交的翻译键
+      }
+
+      // 调用测试未保存连接的 API
+      response = await apiClient.post('/connections/test-unsaved', dataToSend);
+    }
+
+    // --- 处理 API 响应 (对两种模式通用) ---
+    if (response.data.success) {
+      testStatus.value = 'success';
+      testLatency.value = response.data.latency; // 两个测试 API 现在都返回 latency
+      testResult.value = `${response.data.latency} ms`;
+    } else {
+      // 如果后端 API 返回 success: false (理论上不应发生，但作为保险)
+      testStatus.value = 'error';
+      testResult.value = response.data.message || t('connections.test.errorUnknown');
+    }
+
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    // --- 统一处理错误 (前端验证错误或 API 调用错误) ---
+    console.error('测试连接失败:', error);
+    testStatus.value = 'error';
+    if (error.response && error.response.data && error.response.data.message) {
+      // API 返回的错误信息
+      testResult.value = error.response.data.message;
+    } else {
+      // 前端验证错误 (error.message) 或 网络/其他错误
+      testResult.value = error.message || t('connections.test.errorNetwork');
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// 计算延迟颜色
+const latencyColor = computed(() => {
+  if (testStatus.value !== 'success' || testLatency.value === null) {
+    return 'inherit'; // 默认颜色
+  }
+  const latency = testLatency.value;
+  if (latency < 100) return 'var(--color-success, #28a745)'; // 绿色
+  if (latency < 500) return 'var(--color-warning, #ffc107)'; // 黄色
+  return 'var(--color-danger, #dc3545)'; // 红色
+});
+
+// 计算测试按钮文本
+const testButtonText = computed(() => {
+    if (testStatus.value === 'testing') {
+        return t('connections.form.testing'); // 新增翻译键
+    }
+    return t('connections.form.testConnection'); // 新增翻译键
+});
+
 </script>
 
 <template>
@@ -280,10 +376,34 @@ const handleSubmit = async () => {
          </div> <!-- 结束 form-sections -->
 
          <div class="form-actions">
-           <button type="submit" :disabled="isLoading">
-             {{ submitButtonText }}
-           </button>
-           <button type="button" @click="emit('close')" :disabled="isLoading">{{ t('connections.form.cancel') }}</button>
+            <div class="test-action-area"> <!-- New container for button, icon, and result -->
+                <div class="test-button-wrapper"> <!-- Container for button and icon -->
+                    <button type="button" @click="handleTestConnection" :disabled="isLoading || testStatus === 'testing'">
+                      {{ testButtonText }}
+                    </button>
+                    <span class="info-icon">?
+                      <span class="tooltip-text">{{ t('connections.test.latencyTooltip') }}</span>
+                    </span>
+                </div>
+                <!-- Test result moved below the button -->
+                <div class="test-status-wrapper">
+                    <div v-if="testStatus === 'testing'" class="test-status loading-small">
+                      {{ t('connections.test.testingInProgress', '测试中...') }}
+                    </div>
+                    <div v-else-if="testStatus === 'success'" class="test-status success" :style="{ color: latencyColor }">
+                      {{ testResult }}
+                    </div>
+                    <div v-else-if="testStatus === 'error'" class="test-status error">
+                      {{ t('connections.test.errorPrefix', '错误:') }} {{ testResult }}
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="main-actions">
+                <button type="submit" :disabled="isLoading || testStatus === 'testing'">
+                  {{ submitButtonText }}
+                </button>
+                <button type="button" @click="emit('close')" :disabled="isLoading || testStatus === 'testing'">{{ t('connections.form.cancel') }}</button>
+            </div>
          </div>
        </form>
     </div>
@@ -464,7 +584,8 @@ select {
 
 .form-actions {
   display: flex;
-  justify-content: flex-end;
+  justify-content: space-between; /* 改为 space-between 对齐 */
+  align-items: center; /* 垂直居中对齐 */
   margin-top: calc(var(--base-margin, 0.5rem) * 1.5); /* 减少顶部间距 */
   padding-top: calc(var(--base-padding, 1rem) * 0.8); /* 减少按钮上方间距 */
   border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color, #eee);
@@ -478,9 +599,9 @@ select {
   margin-right: calc(var(--base-padding, 1rem) * -0.5);
 }
 
-.form-actions button {
-  margin-left: calc(var(--base-margin, 0.5rem) * 0.8); /* 减少按钮左边距 */
-  padding: calc(var(--base-padding, 1rem) * 0.5) calc(var(--base-padding, 1rem) * 1.2); /* 减少按钮内边距 */
+.main-actions button { /* 主操作按钮（保存/取消） */
+  margin-left: calc(var(--base-margin, 0.5rem) * 0.8); /* 保持按钮间距 */
+  padding: calc(var(--base-padding, 1rem) * 0.5) calc(var(--base-padding, 1rem) * 1.2);
   cursor: pointer;
   border-radius: 3px; /* 稍小圆角 */
   font-family: var(--font-family-sans-serif, sans-serif);
@@ -514,4 +635,126 @@ select {
   opacity: 0.5; /* 调整禁用透明度 */
   cursor: not-allowed;
 }
+
+/* 测试按钮、图标和结果的整体区域 */
+.test-action-area {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column; /* 让结果显示在按钮下方 */
+    align-items: flex-start; /* 左对齐 */
+    gap: calc(var(--base-padding, 1rem) * 0.3); /* 按钮行和结果行之间的间距 */
+}
+
+/* 包裹测试按钮和信息图标的容器 */
+.test-button-wrapper {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: calc(var(--base-padding, 1rem) * 0.5); /* 按钮和图标之间的间距 */
+}
+
+/* 信息图标样式 & Tooltip Container */
+.info-icon {
+    position: relative; /* Needed for absolute positioning of the tooltip text */
+    cursor: help;
+    color: var(--text-color-secondary, #666);
+    font-size: 1.1em;
+    line-height: 1;
+    user-select: none;
+    display: inline-block; /* Ensure it takes space for positioning */
+}
+
+/* Tooltip Text Style */
+.tooltip-text {
+    visibility: hidden; /* Hide by default */
+    opacity: 0;
+    position: absolute;
+    bottom: 140%; /* Position above the icon */
+    left: 50%;
+    transform: translateX(-50%);
+    background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85); /* Slightly darker background */
+    color: white;
+    padding: 8px 12px; /* Slightly more padding */
+    border-radius: 5px; /* Slightly larger radius */
+    font-size: 0.9em; /* Slightly larger font */
+    white-space: pre-wrap; /* Allow line breaks */
+    min-width: 180px; /* Adjust width as needed */
+    max-width: 320px;
+    text-align: left;
+    z-index: 10;
+    pointer-events: none; /* Prevent tooltip from blocking hover */
+    transition: opacity 0.25s ease, visibility 0.25s ease; /* Slightly longer transition */
+    box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); /* Add subtle shadow */
+}
+
+/* Tooltip Arrow */
+.tooltip-text::after {
+    content: '';
+    position: absolute;
+    top: 100%; /* Position arrow at the bottom of the tooltip */
+    left: 50%;
+    transform: translateX(-50%);
+    border-width: 6px; /* Slightly larger arrow */
+    border-style: solid;
+    border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85) transparent transparent transparent;
+}
+
+
+/* Show tooltip on hover */
+.info-icon:hover .tooltip-text {
+    visibility: visible;
+    opacity: 1;
+}
+
+/* 测试按钮样式 (从之前的 .test-result-container button 移过来) */
+.test-button-wrapper button {
+  /* 测试按钮可以有自己的样式，或者继承 .form-actions button */
+  padding: calc(var(--base-padding, 1rem) * 0.5) calc(var(--base-padding, 1rem) * 1.2);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  border-radius: 3px;
+  font-family: var(--font-family-sans-serif, sans-serif);
+  font-weight: 500;
+  transition: background-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, opacity 0.2s ease;
+  /* 可以给测试按钮一个不同的边框或背景色 */
+  background-color: transparent;
+  color: var(--text-color-secondary, #666);
+  border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #ccc);
+}
+.test-result-container button:hover:not(:disabled) {
+  background-color: var(--border-color, #eee);
+  border-color: var(--text-color-secondary, #bbb);
+  color: var(--text-color, #333);
+}
+.test-result-container button:disabled {
+  opacity: 0.5;
+  cursor: not-allowed;
+}
+
+/* 包裹测试状态文本的容器 */
+.test-status-wrapper {
+    min-height: 1.2em; /* 预留空间，防止布局跳动 */
+    padding-left: 2px; /* 轻微缩进，与按钮对齐 */
+}
+
+.test-status {
+  font-size: 0.9em;
+  font-weight: 500;
+  font-family: var(--font-family-sans-serif, sans-serif);
+}
+
+.test-status.loading-small {
+  color: var(--text-color-secondary, #666);
+}
+
+.test-status.success {
+  /* 颜色由 latencyColor 计算属性动态设置 */
+}
+
+.test-status.error {
+  color: var(--color-danger, #dc3545); /* 红色 */
+}
+
+/* 主操作按钮容器 */
+.main-actions {
+    display: flex; /* 保持原有按钮布局 */
+}
+
 </style>
diff --git a/packages/frontend/src/locales/en.json b/packages/frontend/src/locales/en.json
index 92e24ea..63ee868 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/src/locales/en.json
+++ b/packages/frontend/src/locales/en.json
@@ -172,7 +172,21 @@
       "tags": "Tags:",
       "sectionBasic": "Basic Information",
       "sectionAuth": "Authentication",
-      "sectionAdvanced": "Advanced Options"
+      "sectionAdvanced": "Advanced Options",
+      "testConnection": "Test Connection",
+      "testing": "Testing..."
+    },
+    "test": {
+        "success": "Connection test successful!",
+        "failed": "Connection test failed: {error}",
+        "latencyTooltip": "This measures the time to establish a new SSH connection (TCP, Proxy, SSH Handshake, Auth). It's typically higher than interaction latency on an already established connection.",
+        "errorMissingFields": "Please fill in Host, Port, Username, and select an Auth Method.",
+        "errorPasswordUndefined": "Password field is required for password authentication.",
+        "errorPrivateKeyRequired": "Private key is required for key authentication.",
+        "errorUnknown": "An unknown error occurred during testing.",
+        "errorNetwork": "Network error or server unreachable.",
+        "testingInProgress": "Testing...",
+        "errorPrefix": "Error:"
     },
     "prompts": {
         "confirmDelete": "Are you sure you want to delete the connection \"{name}\"? This cannot be undone."
@@ -186,10 +200,6 @@
     "filterAllTags": "All Tags",
     "untaggedGroup": "Untagged",
     "noUntaggedConnections": "No untagged connections found.",
-    "test": {
-        "success": "Connection test successful!",
-        "failed": "Connection test failed: {error}"
-    },
     "exportConnections": "Export Connections",
     "importConnections": "Import Connections",
     "exportError": "Failed to export connections: {message}",
diff --git a/packages/frontend/src/locales/zh.json b/packages/frontend/src/locales/zh.json
index 829bdee..16cb4d3 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/src/locales/zh.json
+++ b/packages/frontend/src/locales/zh.json
@@ -172,7 +172,21 @@
       "tags": "标签:",
       "sectionBasic": "基本信息",
       "sectionAuth": "认证信息",
-      "sectionAdvanced": "高级选项"
+      "sectionAdvanced": "高级选项",
+      "testConnection": "测试连接",
+      "testing": "测试中..."
+    },
+    "test": {
+        "success": "连接测试成功！",
+        "failed": "连接测试失败: {error}",
+        "latencyTooltip": "此延迟测量建立全新 SSH 连接所需的时间（包括 TCP 连接、代理协商、SSH 握手、认证等步骤），通常高于已建立连接上的交互延迟。",
+        "errorMissingFields": "请填写主机、端口、用户名并选择认证方式。",
+        "errorPasswordUndefined": "密码认证方式需要提供密码字段。",
+        "errorPrivateKeyRequired": "密钥认证方式需要提供私钥。",
+        "errorUnknown": "测试过程中发生未知错误。",
+        "errorNetwork": "网络错误或服务器无法访问。",
+        "testingInProgress": "测试中...",
+        "errorPrefix": "错误:"
     },
     "prompts": {
         "confirmDelete": "确定要删除连接 \"{name}\" 吗？此操作不可撤销。"
@@ -186,10 +200,6 @@
     "filterAllTags": "所有标签",
     "untaggedGroup": "未标记",
     "noUntaggedConnections": "没有未标记的连接。",
-    "test": {
-        "success": "连接测试成功！",
-        "failed": "连接测试失败: {error}"
-    },
     "exportConnections": "导出连接",
     "importConnections": "导入连接",
     "exportError": "导出连接失败: {message}",